Vol II Nº 2

Revista del Ciclo Económico ©

e-ISSN: 2718 – 8760

Volume II Number 2


Full issue, click hereto download it.


Articles, click on the red header of each article to download it.

1. The effects of Artificial Intelligence and Open Innovation on Businesses

Author: Elvin Mammadli. MSC (candidate) of Akademia WSB (Poland).

Abstract: Artificial intelligence applications in the business sector are exciting and its impact is increasing day by day. People can solve their problems more easily, faster, and more effectively through robots. In the coming years, the impact of artificial intelligence on the business sector will increase greatly in two important areas. These will be smart speakers and chatbots, which provide communication via audio/voice or textual methods supported by a computer software. With the contributions of this technological innovation, it provides radical changes in logistics and distribution processes, as well as making revolutionary contributions in determining the profile and segmentation of its customers. In the years to come, the early adopters of the industry will gain huge advantages over the laggards. This research will examine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence open innovation in businesses. 

2. The pathology of 44th article of the IRI constitution, and its consequences in the field of economics and politics

Author: Ph.D Rahman Parvaresh & Ph.D Hamid Salehi, Allameh Tabatba’i University (Iran)

Abstract: According to the 44th article of the IRI constitution, the economic system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based upon three sectors public (state’s economy), co-operative and private with regular and correct planning. the public sector mainly refers to a situation in which the productive factors are being controlled and directed by the state with public capital tools, even if that state would call itself as a socialist regime, but the scope of the phrase is also applicable for countries like Japan, China, and even Brazil, which, either at a time they closed their boundaries on foreign services and goods, or adjust the rules for imported goods with heavy equipment tariffs, which with this mindset, they were trying to boost the national production; which, in the pre-privatization stage, was a significant success for them; ultimately the later states moved towards based on teachings of Adam Smith and the market economy, which led them to the upswing steps up faster than before; similarly, the Islamic Republic tried to compensate for its backwardness therefore, tried to get economic patterns through the current developed countries; hence it paid more attention to the subject of private economics, so that the productive forces candraw a better perspective on the development of Iran, but with the lack of proper infrastructure to operate this principle with moving in the imperfect privatization path of recent years, it created a rentier system in the owners of government officials’favor;and Impressed the greatest shock to the realization of social justice, which was one of the goals of the 1979 Islamic revolution. In this paper, moreover it will try to challenge the state’s economy (State Interventionism), which causes the backwardness and lack of social justice for developing countries, also it can cause the social crises, meanwhile, it will be discussed about the advantages of privatization in the form of attracting foreign investors, helping the dynamic economy and moving towards social justice through the descriptive-analytical method.

3. The Business Cycles Theory of Wilhelm Röpke

Author: Ph.D. Marcelo F. Resico (UCA, Universidad Católica Argentina)

Abstract: This paper presents Wilhelm Röpke’s business cycle theory, which has been not sufficiently investigated. The perspective of this theory lays in the intention of building a synthesis, called by the author a “monetary theory of overcapitalization”. The essence of the theory begins identifying the boom as the main cause of recessions and contains a special theory of depression. Besides, to draw a global picture of Röpke’s thought on business cycles, this paper integrates his vision, lately developed, upon the inflationary problem during economic expansions.